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How Do I Read Present Levels of Performance in an IEP?

Present levels of performance in an IEP provide a snapshot of your child's current abilities and challenges. Understanding this section is crucial for setting effective goals and advocating for appropriate services.

Author
S.S. Education Advocacy Team
Reading time
5 min read
Last updated
Updated June 30, 2026
Topic
Goals · Writing strong goals

Understanding Present Levels

The present levels of academic achievement and functional performance (PLAAFP) section of an Individualized Education Program (IEP) provides a detailed overview of your child's current abilities, strengths, and areas of need. It serves as a baseline for setting measurable annual goals and determining the services and supports your child requires.

This section is often considered the cornerstone of the IEP because it directly influences the goals and accommodations that will be put in place. A well-documented PLAAFP ensures that the IEP team has a clear understanding of your child's starting point.

Components of Present Levels

Present levels typically include information on academic performance, such as reading and math skills, as well as functional performance, which might cover social skills, behavior, and daily living activities. The information is gathered from various sources including teacher observations, standardized tests, and input from parents.

Each component should be detailed and specific, providing a clear picture of your child's abilities and challenges. This specificity helps in crafting goals that are not only realistic but also ambitious enough to promote growth.

How Present Levels Influence Goals

The present levels section directly informs the development of IEP goals. By understanding where your child currently stands, the IEP team can set goals that are tailored to address specific areas of need and build upon existing strengths.

For example, if the present levels indicate that a child struggles with reading comprehension, a goal might focus on improving this skill by a certain percentage over the school year. The specificity of the present levels allows for measurable and attainable goals.

Reading and Interpreting Present Levels

When reviewing the present levels section, look for clear descriptions of your child's strengths and challenges. Check for any discrepancies between what you know about your child and what is documented.

It can be helpful to cross-reference the present levels with teacher reports and assessments to ensure accuracy. If something seems off or unclear, don't hesitate to ask for clarification during the IEP meeting.

Questions to Ask About Present Levels

Understanding present levels is crucial, so come prepared with questions. You might ask how the information was gathered, what specific assessments were used, and how often your child's progress will be monitored.

Asking these questions can help you ensure that the present levels are based on comprehensive and current data, which is essential for setting effective goals.

Updating Present Levels

Present levels should be updated annually or whenever there is a significant change in your child's performance. Regular updates ensure that the IEP remains relevant and responsive to your child's evolving needs.

Parents should be proactive in requesting updates if they notice changes in their child's abilities or if new evaluations are conducted. Keeping this section current is key to maintaining an effective IEP.

Practical tips

  • Review the present levels section before each IEP meeting to ensure it accurately reflects your child's current performance.
  • Ask for clarification on any terms or assessments you don't understand in the present levels section.
  • Ensure that the present levels include both academic and functional performance details.
  • Request updates to the present levels if there are significant changes in your child's abilities.
  • Use the present levels as a basis to advocate for specific goals and services during the IEP meeting.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Assuming the present levels section is accurate without reviewing it thoroughly.
  • Not asking questions about unclear or unfamiliar terms in the present levels.
  • Overlooking the importance of functional performance in the present levels.
  • Failing to ensure that the present levels are updated regularly.

Frequently asked questions

What are present levels of performance in an IEP?
Present levels of performance provide a detailed overview of a child's current academic and functional abilities, serving as a baseline for setting IEP goals.
Why are present levels important in an IEP?
They are crucial because they inform the development of measurable goals and the selection of appropriate services and supports.
How often should present levels be updated?
Present levels should be updated at least annually or whenever there is a significant change in the child's performance.
What should I do if I disagree with the present levels?
If you disagree, discuss your concerns with the IEP team and provide any additional information or assessments that support your perspective.
Can present levels include input from parents?
Yes, parent input is valuable and can be included to provide a comprehensive view of the child's abilities and needs.

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